Case study/ final paper Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

/ last-place paper - Case Study ExampleIntegrative approach however involves parties to a conflict in developing solution to a problem rather than seeking a decision trance attitudinal structuring is a social based approach that aims at changing peoples behaviors in a hardened up and intraoganizational bargaining defines extensive discussion within an organizational framework. Either aspect of the scheme then undermines summery dismissal without a defense opportunity. Another applicable theory to both parties is the contract theory that provides for judiciality of relationships based on terms and put to deaths rather than intentions of parties to an agreement. It therefore has a legal basis for protect parties interests (Miller and Jents 497 Denisi and Griffin 330). Initial jurisdiction of the case rests with the industrial court.The contract theory will prevail everyplace the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations because of its foundations from common law that is a recogni zed source of law while the Behavioral theory of labor negotiations is a secondary approach to the judicial system.I would advise Fred that his action has legal consequences and recommend a favorable resolution outside court before Wilma seeks a legal address. His reference to payback and the mode of expression that communicated intense anger together with slamming of the door identifies apprehension to danger, amounting to tort of assault. A resolution outside the legal framework may therefore reduce or extenuate the possible consequences of Freds action if Wilma agrees to forgive him (Miller and Jentz 87).We are interested in recruiting Mr./Mrs. X (Name of appli substructuret) for an important government agency in our organization, he/she has named you as a referee and we would wish gain the following information from you.The surplus information on the applicants alcoholism does not change the proposed plan because the condition can be managed by a strong organizational culture . The search committee should be keen on

The Architecture of Kyotos Nanban-ji Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Architecture of Kyotos Nanban-ji - Essay ExampleThis paper highlights that the proliferation of Christianity started to be carried out in 1559 proselytizers sustained their plans and exertions despite the extreme distress that was brought about by oppression, and with the security sensible by Nobunaga, a significant growth in the number of Christian followers cropped up. Nearly 20 years later, with backing from hundreds of its supporters and followers, the antiquated worship room was reconstructed, which was followed by a religious gathering in celebration for the achievement of the chapel. Nanban-ji is known as St. Marys Temple.From the study it is clear that the most thought-provoking of all features of the Nanban-ji is the heresy of its architectural design. The Nanban-ji Church was built by the Europeans, particularly the Southern Barbarians, but there seems to be a more Chinese rather than a European touch on its architectural details. There is a significant resemblance of the architecture during the Momoyama period in Nanban-jis overall design. One important feature of the Nanban-ji is the rehearse of flock screens that are made in pairs with decorations fronting the onlookers and guests. Division is common in Nanban-ji. The substantial utilization of folding screens help set up the Churchs factions guest hall, worship hall, main hall, kitchen, sleeping quarters, and archimandrites quarters.Looking at Nanban-jis integrated architectural plan, an architectural hierarchy manifests in the transcription and organization of buildings apart from the Nanban-ji temple.

Can There be Development without Security and Security without Essay

Can There be Development without hostage and Security without Development - Essay ExampleFor almost it may be the amount of resources available to the society, for some it is freedom of the masses, for others peace and trade protection and for some it may be equitable distribution of income. This difference mingled with perceptions is what causes a substantial difference amongst the statuses of the two countries that may otherwise be equal found on other factors. The term sustainable development used fervently by many sight be defined as development that produces economic benefits in a surplus without generating great terms to the environment. Also in order for a development to be sustainable it is important that all the underway necessities are met without over consumption taking place and causing any disturbance for future generations in meeting their needs. World Bank (2004) further states that there are different requirements of development for example reduce poverty is unitary of the indicators of development taking place. One of the methods to reduce poverty would be to increase income generating activities which once more result in development, occurring as an industry is supported and developed. To safeguard humankind living from any sorting of invasive scourges is the most critical element of gage. A house, land or region is secure if the battalion who live in it can move freely without any fear of threats that could harm their life or property (Alkire, 2003, pp.3). Human security is proactive. It assumes the possibility of a threat to human life that may go in form of physical strength, financial crisis, pollution or natural disaster. These threats can be managed unspoiled like any other conflict because every conflict has a solution a threat from earthquakes can be minimized by building earthquake resistant properties (Alkire, 2003, pp.3). Another method to domiciliate security in the wake of emerging threats is to respect human lives. Respect for human security testament enable individuals and institutions to make decisions which will acknowledge the importance of human lives and does not have implications that might compromise it. Threats to security may be come out or indirect. An indirect form of threat would consist of lessening in public expenditure or the recently incurred global financial meltdown. Other forms of threats are direct which means that they not only affect the essential functions of a human life but human life itself for example civil wars and natural disasters (Alkire, 2003, pp.5). Recently literatures have recognized an inverse relationship between threats to security and development. International Cooperation for Development and Solidarity (2005) conducted a study in which it defined the relationship between security and development. The study states that when there is a decrease in security which means an increase in violence inadvertently there will be a decrease in development because threats to human life or their property transfers into a slowed down developmental process. Relationship between security and development later on World War 1 and till the Cold War, security was taken to be a field of discussion between different states, super powers and blocs. However, as the world evolved and such wars have ceased to exist, inter-state conflicts evolved the term security into a concept of human security (Adam, 2008, pp.1). Latest findings state that security and development are inter-related one cannot exist without the other. Bernard Adam (2008, pp.1) goes

Sociology Research Proposal - Second part to Literature Review Essay

Sociology Research Proposal - Second part to Literature Review - Essay physical exertionThe American September 11, 2001 World Trade Centre tragedy was one of severe calamity which claimed more lives. The 9/11 event was followed by another act of terrorism on July 7 in London A bombing in 2005 which claimed 56 lives. These two activities dominated much of media attention ecumenical creating a linkage of a particular religious separate in these two activities. The method by which media reporting of these terrorist activities is presented often portrays Islamic-based or Muslim groups in an unfavourable light, creating questions as to the credibility of reporting the events as being somewhat biased. Media reporting often fails to report terrorist activities with objectivity, leaving Australian citizens with a one-sided base regarding the Islamic faith as a whole, likely creating a level of unsubstantiated discrimination against this completed religious group.This proposed study is designed to examine the reporting methods and media portrayal of Islamic terrorist organizations which might be competently attributed to Australian social discrimination against Muslim individuals. It is proposed that this link can be established between media and Islamic discrimination through analysis of media content within the period followed by the September 11 and July 7 terrorist tragedies.The recent increase in global terrorist activities and the method by which terrorists soak up conducted many of their hostile activities have attracted attentions of individuals from media and society as a whole. Repetitive press linkage of one particular religious group has given rise to the entertain behind this research. The aforementioned American and British tragedies have boosted the over-generalization of the Muslim corporation as a whole by the media worldwide. Even more specific, Australian media has taken an active interest in the portrayal of those in the Islamic faith as b eing generically linked to terrorist

Test for Effectiveness of Appetite-Reducing Drug Essay

Test for Effectiveness of Appetite-Reducing Drug - Essay ExampleDescribe the foursome different threats to internal validity intact groups, extraneous variables, subject loss, and expectancies. How do these threats apply to the following study? in that respect are four threats to internal validity in essays. The assignment of intact groups, rather than individuals, compromises the randomness of the have and therefore skews the results. The presence of extraneous variables confounds the findings and renders them uninterpretable. Subject loss due to any one particular take more than separates renders some subjects unable to continue. Fin totallyy expectations held by either the subjects or experimenters, or both, tend to match their conduct during the experiment which may affect the results. Internal validity is compromised in this experiment. The biggest threat to the experiments internal validity is the presence of expectations of the experimenter which may create a bias in th e results obtained. In the granted situation, the experimenter is not blind as to who among the students are given the placebo, the tested medicate, and the new experimental drug. While it is mentioned that the experimenter is determine to remain unbiased, this is not enough as psychological bias may be unintended further nevertheless present in the results. External validity does not seem to be an issue here, be relieve oneself the taste chosen was randomly selected and therefore may be assumed to represent the relevant population of KU students. Also, since all groups are given the same examination that covers the contents of the full ten week course, and no other variable had been varied except the test variable (the experimental drug), then chance variables... The objective of the experiment to be designed should determine whether or not the experimental drug is effective in reduce the appetite of the individual ingesting it. The procedure would involve administering the drug to the test group and monitoring the progress in the food consumption (proxied by the relative variety show in weight of the subjects) of the test group against a control group. In order for the control group to be blind to which group they belonged, they will be given placebos which are known to have no effects on the appetite. The experimental method to be used would be the independent group design, the alternative to the repeated measures design group. Repeated measures design is not applicable to this assignment be sire for repeated measures, the same subjects repeatedly undergo all the procedures at intervals, and reactions to the test designer are observed when the condition is applied and when it is holdn. This will not do because the successful administration of the drug would presumably include a weight loss, and repeated treatment (to reduce appetite) may reasonably cause a drop in weight. The loss in weight would be a permanent change to the subject, whether as a result of the treatment or not, and withdrawal of the treatment does not necessarily cause a reversal to pre-treatment conditions. It therefore defies the reason for the alternate application and removal of treatment. Furthermore, it is ethically questionable to withdraw a treatment.

Education in appalachia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education in appalachia - Research Paper exercisingAppalachias economic traditions were formed by coal the ordinary laborer is employed to an occupation s/he believed would be for a lifetime and is prepared and educated on the job (Fisher, 1993). Unfortunately, these occupations do no longer exist. Hence, the Appalachian people are being mandated to acquire their facts of life prior to entering the workforce. wad are being obliged to complete some form of education if they plan to get a job in the future (Powell, 2008). But economic progress is also being hampered by the rife condition of education in the rural communities of Appalachia. Course Outcomes Outcome One Demographic and Socioeconomic stipulation As the disparity in places of poverty among the country and Appalachia was closing over the late decades, the Appalachian people were coping with other parts of the country in relation to numbers of spunky school graduates (Ziliak, 2007). According to Ziliak (2007, 1), com pletion rates in high school grew by 50% between 1979 and 1999 (see Appendix A) in Appalachian Kentucky, and current studies show that these developments resulted in the remarkable progress in per capita undivided income of Kentucky over the recent decades. ... aduates in Appalachian Pennsylvania may somewhat explain the lower rate of poverty in Appalachia, the more depressed numbers of college graduates there perhaps somewhat clarifies the reason Appalachias average level of income is lower relative to the country (Powell, 2008). Even though the figures mentioned here is entirely exploratory, it indicates that regular disparities in levels of educational achievement imply continuous disparities in levels of income (Ziliak, 2007), and hence rates of poverty. Outcome dickens Factors Influencing Education in Appalachia Earlier studies have demonstrated that the effects of the community in the condition of education in Appalachia are usually more subtle than the influences of the fa mily. This appears to be the case for educational achievement in Appalachia parents educational learning and family poverty affected behaviors of achievement later on, as the community ceased to do so (Powell, 2008). Still, even though different in terms of degree of influence on educational attainment in Appalachia, the family and community remain to be the two strongest systems impacting Appalachian education. Education is in fact greatly valued in Appalachia however, local allegiance and family are usually prioritized. If the family requires help from its young adult, education could be hastily stopped for the sake of family obligations (Edwards, Asbury & Cox, 2006). If a specific job or profession may lone(prenominal) be performed away from the immediate community, the family could thwart its realization. Outcome Three The Interaction between the Family, Community, and Education growth of educational goals necessitates significant amount of social support, determination, and resources, and these should be given on a continuous and reliable way

1984 by George Orwell and Big Brother Research Paper

1984 by George Orwell and largish Brother - Research Paper ExampleKellner writes, The novel opens with evocations, frequently repeated that BIG BROTHER IS honoring YOU. Then it quickly plunges the reader into an oppressive environment where omnipresent television sets not only perpetually broadcast government propaganda but actually serve as instruments of surveillance. The subtle sentiment of Communism as perceived by George Orwell is doublespeak. The Michal Buchowski at el. writes, Communist language was forcefully brought home to the West by George Orwell in Nineteen Eighty-Four, especially in his notion of doublethink.(p.555) What is the working style of Big Brother and his associates and superiors? Their implication iswe tangle witht say whatever we say or do is correct. But whatever correct is on that point in the world belongs to us How George Orwell highlights the serious shortcomings of the hardcore communist regimes with his satirical style by pickings potshots at the ir methods of suppression of freewill of the people, finished the character of Big Brother in 1984? The name of the watchtower through which Big Brother and his associates function is totalitarianism. Buchowski at el writes, The very term totalitarianism suggests a governmental problem a form of rule so total as to leave no aspect of life untouched a form of rule that is not merely dictatorial, but holds people in its grip so thoroughly that they become its puppets.(p.557)... But the style of functioning as portrayed by George Orwell in his book 1984 seems to maintain been adopted in communist countries and partially in the West. This is the issue of control of history (including the censorship on print and electronic media), surveillance and corruption of language. Those who are assigned duties in these areas seem to salute the Big Brother every day, before the commencing their duties and carry out his instructions implicitly, as for tapping phones, intercept mails, enter resid ences unauthorisedly etc. Language corruption is being used as an important political propaganda weapon and with full knowledge of their double meaning. The words like socialist, war criminal, racist, democratic are used, as if Satan quotes the Bible. The hero of the book, Winston Smith, employed in the Ministry of truth is engrossed in rewriting and falsifying history, as per the demands of the present regime. Big Brother has a tremendous responsibility, to control the State of Oceania. His thought police have to see that friends and enemies are kept under control. Oceania is at constant war with artificially created factions. Alliances are created and ignore what is important for the Big Brother is the perennial hysteria, and to maintain the situation of confusion and to tell the people that something life-threatening is being planned against the Nation by the opposition with vested interests. George Orwell, through Big Brother, gives lots of importance to ult historyfor the pr ocess to undo it and suppress the facts that are inconvenient to the present (Communist) regime. The supreme objective of the company is to retain and maintain power at all times and at all costs. It uses a sorting of methods to keep the population under control. War is peace is one

Reporting on a Religious Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reporting on a Religious receipts - Essay ExampleThe outside pictures were a distinct depiction of a religious place that was encompassed in its architecture. The temple was fenced all round by metallic rails that demarcated the place from its neighborhoods. The temple had a bonce that was indicative of the Shikar-bandhi type of the Jain temples. The temple was beautifully carved with pillars all over the entrance, and the inside of the temple was enclosed. The colors that were used on the outside included white with blue-print of the Jain signs and symbols. From the front, there was only sensation entrance to access the building with a dome on top of the entrance.The inside was also adorned with a combination of architecture, paintings, and colors that were similar to those that were outside. On my entry into the building, I took off my shoes because either other believer was taking off their shoes, and it was a sign of etiquette. The inside had two staircases. The downstairs w as be of many rooms that were meant for education and other programs in the temple. The upstairs was the main temple of the believers. The upstairs was an free hall that had no furniture. However, the floor was covered with a mat. Inside this temple, there were idols that were decorated differently. The middle idol was the most decorated while the three on each of the sides were less decorated. The believers were seated on these mats with their legs folded and their hands laying on their laps. Most people in this service were middle class and the high class. Their ethnic group was mainly Indian, and their gender was composed of both males and females. Their ages were varied from approximately 3years to 70 years old.I went upstairs to the service because that was the location of the temple. On this Sunday, the people had attended the service for prayer. On the way they pray, earlier we entered the temple, the people should put something yellow on their forehead and wipe their h eads a little of

Ethnicity in Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnicity in assume - Essay ExampleThis film was significant on a number of levels. It was a major Hollywood release budgeted that brought in a box office of 23 million dollars and yet it managed to honestly draw off the events of a highly politically charged event. It also examined the complexity seeking self identity in a group long persecuted in examining a constituent played by Val Kilmer who was at betting odds with his essential heritage preferring to deny its existence and through the events of the story showed the self discovery of racial primp and identity of this character. This paper will explore the issues and themes raised by the film as they relate to the portraiture of native culture. It will examine how the film showed the fight for ethnic identity in the face of outside pressures that argon often hostile. This illustration of the complex nature of racial identity and political context are further heightened by the political context of the story. It will also hi ghlight how the quest to depict native American ethnicity on film is still occasionally marred by stereotypes.The quest for identity for the sponsor is the main theme of the story. Val Kilmers character Ray Levoi is of part Sioux descent and at the onset of the film he strongly denies his heritage. He does not talk about his heritage to his superior played by lordly actor and playwright Sam Shepard. He is shown to have become mainstream with his fashionable haircut and designer sunglasses and formal clothing. His initial contact with the people of the reservation his shown to be officious and unfamiliar. Grahame Greenes character,Walter Crow Horse who plays the town sheriff. does not like the intial presentation but something in him senses the inner conflict in the character. There is a mark tension in the character who is referred to as the Washington Redskin in hushed tones to refer to both his heritage and to his remarkable success in the bureau up to that point. With his suc cesful mainstream background Ray Levois character sees the events of the offensive activity that he is sent to investigate through the official outlook of his boss. Slowly through the Graham Greenes character he awakens to his own heritage. After the intial presentation of the character there are series of events and individuals that slowly variety his perspective on the purity of his own reasons for being there. The intitail reason for trip to the Reserve by the FBI is to enamor Jimmy Looks Twice a chararcter who is believed to have murdered some FBI agents and is on the lam in the reservation. apart(predicate) from the steady tutelage of the town sherrif it is the idealisitc young teacher, Maggie Eagle Bear who appears to do the most to sway the protagonists thinking. She is heart-whole and intelligent and she speaks to him of the real injustices that are going on in the book. The look at the poverty on the reserve is not spared in Apteds honest cinematography. She speaks to him at an educated level which he has come to lever from his own successes but unlike him she has not turned her back on her heritage. More than this, Rays character sees her form kindness and lack of rancor and it moves him. From this encounter on, Ray starts to question his own motives for being on the reserve and

Reuse Collection System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Re physical exercise Collection organisation - Essay ExampleThere are five (5) distinct phases in the whole process of disavow collection, which are the following first step is from the house (kitchen, toilet, etc.) to the disapprove support, second step is from the garbage can to the garbage truck, third step is the garbage truck going from one house to the next house, fourthly step is selecting the most efficient truck routes, and lastly, the movement of a garbage truck to the final reference (either a materials recovery facility, a disposal site such as a sanitary landfill, or to a transfer station for eventual transfer to another final destination), so this process of refuse collection is actually a multi-phase process (Worrell & Vesilind, 2012).Some improvements are the home garbage compactor which reduces the waste hoi polloi to about one-fifth the original volume or size, the increasing use of plastic garbage bags to bind any fluid leakages, use of garbage trucks which are side-loaded instead of rear-loaded to reduce worker injuries (strains, bruises, cuts, and fractures), use of can-on-wheels (waste wheelers), use of hydraulic hoists, use of garbage can snatchers, and covered trucks with compactors to increase the volume capacity a iodin truck can carry on its regular route per day to minimize trips. On a larger scale, environmental awareness gave the insight never to locate a landfill on top of water system underground aquifer, near a wetland or bodies of water like lakes and rivers (Greenberg,

Urbanization in ancient Greece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urbanization in ancient Greece - Essay Example cardinal key characteristic of these settlements was lack of governmental authority beyond the boundaries of the village (Chant et al, 2000). In addition, these villages did not flummox whatever workshops or public buildings. Such democratic societies persevered on even after the introduction of agriculture.The egalitarian societies were stratified and turned into functionally specialized units by the formation of states and urbanization (Chant et al, 1999). This process took place separately in numerous regions of the world, probably starting from the Southwest Asian region, which was in truth fertile.The formative era referred to the end between the years 7000 to 5000 BC, which was characterised by urbanization and state development, which complemented each other. Upon the stratification of the egalitarian society, there emerged craftspeople, farmers, soldiers, administrators, merchants and priests, with the cities become the ci vilization focus (Chant, 1999).In the development of Greece cities, the natural environment as well as the breathing technologies played a key role. These cities were built in around the eighth century by the Greeks. Distinguishing how the embodiment of the buildings in the cities was influenced by the natural environment or the available technologies is not easy. This is beca function there exists a very dynamic relationship between the natural environment and technology, with each shaping or being shaped by the other.Military technologies and needs were very important determinants in the layout and result of Greek cities. Some of the initial cities in Greece grew as a result of pressure since the people needed to defend themselves form their enemies. As a result they were generally located on rocky positions, which were regarded as defensible. They were also positioned some outdo from the harbour, with heavy fortification (Chant et al, 2000).Wall-building proved to be the mos t expensive and laborious task and involved very impressive engineering accomplishments in the architecture of Greece. Stone was in abundance and was used the building material, with its properties find out the style of construction. For instance, lintels and posts were frequently used in the construction of public monuments.Stone, which was the building material of choice, needed lifting technologies that apply people as opposed to hoists (Chant et al, 1999). Cranes were not in use until much later, in 515 BC and beyond. They came into use as a result of labour shortage and not because of their capability of lifting larger blocks of stone.The unplanned growth of the earliest settlements was substituted by a bit more formal buildings, mainly after Persian attacks in the fifth century. With the advancement of technology in the military, it became necessary to adopt a defensive layout for the city streets. In the process of the reconstruction of these cities, there was development o f numerous town planning theories, most of which were put into practice, with the gridiron plan becoming very common. Aristotle advocated for a city design of a defensive nature, which uses both the rough and regular features. This, he argued, was aimed at reconciling the strain of moving both the equipment and troops easily, and to confuse any attackers (Chant, 2000).Natural EnvironmentThe location of earlier settlements was mainly determined by the natural

Finance accounting assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Finance accounting assignment - Essay ExampleIncome encompasses both revenue and gains. tax is income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of an entity and is referred to by a variety of different names including deals, fees, interest, dividends and royalties. revenue is recognize on the provision of goods and services that relate to the ordinary activities of the entity (ACCA, 2013). Gain or loss is calculated with summons to the amount received in excess or short of the assets carrying amount in the books of account. It is also primal in accrual accounting that revenue and expenses are required to be matched with the accounting period. IAS 18 distinctly specifies that When the selling price of a product includes an identifiable amount for subsequent servicing, that amount is deferred and recognised as revenue over the period during which the service is performed (ec.europa.eu, p. 2). For instance, income received in respect of annual maintenance quash by a acco mpany can recognise only 1/12th of revenue in a month. It is immaterial whether a sale is made on cash or credit basis. Revenue is recognized when title of the goods or services is transferred to the buyer. In the case of construction companies or the projects which takes several age for completion, revenue is recognized to the extent the project is completed during the period. In the case of hire purchase the sale at future date is agreed between the parties. The payments collected in instalments in advance by the seller are treated as hire till the last instalment payment is collected. pure(a) profit in this case is calculated only in proportion to cash received. This concept is key to avoid overstatement or understatement of profit or gains. Similarly, in sale and repurchase agreement, they should be dealt with together. IAS 18 has specified u/s14, the conditions to be satisfied for light of revenue from the sale of goods. Section 20 specifies the conditions for credit of rev enue associated with rendering of services and 30 specifies the bases for recognising interest, royalties and dividends. This standard also prescribes the norms for disclosure of the accounting policies adopted for recognition of revenue, including the methods adopted to determine the stage of completion of transactions involving rendering of services. Question 2 Case cogitation A. In the case of sale of electrical goods, it is important to ascertain whether the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods. Ibi Ryan Plc retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sell as he has sold the goods and despatched them in the normal course of business. Therefore, the accounting treatment is appropriate. B. C. The terms of the companys contract with Witney specify that the goods remain the property of Ibi Ryan until they are paid for by Witney. Amount owe to Ibi Ryan from Witney ?600,000 includes ?50,000 for the products delivered by Liverpool warehouse. Therefore ? 600,000 treated as sale in the books of account should be reversed fully. 50% of this sale amount i.e. ? 300,000

History and Development of Air-conditioning Research Paper

History and Development of Air-conditioning - Research Paper ExampleA close solution to the modern air conditioner units made in 1902, by an American locomotive engineer by the name of Willis Carrier. The form at that time called Apparatus for Treating Air and built for the Sackett-Wilhelms Lithographing and Publishing Co. in Brooklyn, New York. Chilled coils used in machines to reduce air and lower humidity to 55%. Although the apparatus made with enough precision that the humidity level desired was adjustable. (History of Air Conditioning)The article explains how air conditioners started becoming a mercantile product as it became increasingly in use for industrial purposes. The real breakthrough achieved when Carrier had the favorable dielene together with a central compressor replacing the ammonia thus reducing the size of the unit. Willis Carriers invention came new-fangled in the 1900s, but before that, several attempts to air conditioning existed.In 180 AD, Ding Huan ob served the first ventilation system that was fan powered. The fan passed air from cold water and the air and so spread in the house manually (Paventi). Later fountain water used to power the engine of the fan, thus reducing manual labor. Apart from the cooling effect of the water, the air became humid too (Paventi).In 1820 Michael Faraday, a British scientist, made a compressor that used ammonia (Paventi). Exhaustion of the toxic ammonia exhaust system became difficult and thus the cooling effect was unsafe. However, up to date his compressing technology is still in use.

Harmonisation of Accounting Standards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Harmonisation of story Standards - Essay ExampleThey include UK generally accepted accounting system principles, IAS, US GAAP etc. More positive, however, has been the improvements in recent times in terms of global convergence this has win over various stakeholders that there is still hope that harmonization can be achieved sooner rather than later. local and international standard setting agencies have initiated harmonization projects that have largely been successful it will wherefore not be too long before a common set of standards guides and controls the accounting world. This will give the accounting profession an identity of legal discipline in its truest sense. This paper examines the issue of harmonization and other aspects that relate to it, for example challenges and advantages. Key Words accounting standards, harmonization of accounting standards. Introduction The harmonization of accounting standards has developed into a hot topic among accounting professionals al l over the world (Black 2007, pg.26). score standards can be defined as authoritative statements issued by acclaimed accountancy agencies that relate to different aspects of treatments, disclosures and measurements of accounting events and transactions, and that signify best accounting practices. ... For example, in the United Kingdom (UK) electrical and electronic engineers abide by the Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) standards and principles that define and shape their professional practices (Samir 2003, pg.20). Why, then, is it so difficult for accountants to have a common set of codes that create some uniformity in their line of work and their practices? Over the years, it has been wide acknowledged that the differences in existing standards in various countries have so often been greatly underestimated. As a result of this, achieving uniformity has been a herculean task of sorts the first step towards failure is usually underestimating the gravity of a problem (Srkant 2005, pg.64). As a consequence, attention has shifted towards understanding the various accounting standards in existence and trying to address how they can be merged. Although it has been met with huge obstacles, results have been better than in anterior attempts. History of Harmonization The concept of harmonizing accounting standards dates back to the 19th century when the notion of International Accounting Standards was put forward in the 1st International Congress of Accountants which was held in St. Louis in 1904. In 1957, at the 7th International Congress of Accountants in Amsterdam, Mr. Jacobkraayenhof discussed the need for international accounting standardization and cooperation. In 1966, negotiation were held among various professional bodies like the Association of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of America, the Canadian Institute of contract Accountants and the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales (Siegel & Shim 2006, pg.33). The talks were led by the then President of the Institute of

Strategy and Organizational Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategy and organisational Development - Essay ExampleAccording to Ralph Lewis, systemal development is a new concept which is comely popular with businesses. Ralph defines an arranging as a conglomeration of more than 1 person with the same goals and objectives. there is usually a point where the members of an organization lose sight of what really brought them and appear disorganized. This is the part where organizational development comes in to bring an element of the organization. This can be achieved first by multifariousnessulating a operative strategy and implementing it to the members of that given organization.Based on Ralph, he classifies organizations basically into four quadrants. Each of the quadrants represents a given depart performed by the organization. In his strategy to bring organizational development, will entail bringing this four quadrants of the organization to work in unison. The strategy was chosen basically has to engage in showing the organization al values, form an integrated link, task manage all people plus ensure resources are allocated to all quadrants. In ensuring the above, will be like re-energizing the four quadrants to work together in harmony. Ralph argues that the moment when the four quadrants of the organization are working with the same goal and everyone is contributing towards its achievement, that is how organizational development will be felt.